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# Operators in LibreOffice Calc

You can use the following operators in LibreOffice Calc:

## Arithmetical Operators

These operators return numerical results.

Operator | اسم | Example
--- | --- | ---
+ (Plus) | Addition | 1+1
- (Minus) | Subtraction | 2-1
- (Minus) | Negation | -5
* (asterisk) | Multiplication | 2*2
/ (Slash) | Division | 9/3
% (Percent) | Percent | 15%
^ (Caret) | Exponentiation | 3^2

Prefix "-" (negation) has a higher precedence than "^" (exponentiation). For example -3^2 equals 9, which is the square of a negative number.

## Comparative operators

These operators return either true or false.

Operator | اسم | Example
--- | --- | ---
= (equal sign) | Equal | A1=B1
> (Greater than) | Greater than | A1>B1
< (Less than) | Less than | A1
>= (Greater than or equal to) | Greater than or equal to | A1>=B1
<= (Less than or equal to) | Less than or equal to | A1<=B1
<> (Inequality) | Inequality | A1<>B1

## Text operators

The operator combines separate texts into one text.

Operator | اسم | Example
--- | --- | ---
& (And) | text concatenation AND | "Sun" & "day" is "Sunday"

## Reference operators

These operators return a cell range of zero, one or more cells.

Range has the highest precedence, then intersection, and then finally union.

Operator | اسم | Example
--- | --- | ---
: (Colon) | Range | A1:C108
! (Exclamation point) | Intersection | SUM(A1:B6!B5:C12) Calculates the sum of all cells in the intersection; in this example, the result yields the sum of cells B5 and B6.
~ (Tilde) | Concatenation or union | Takes two references and returns a reference list, which is a concatenation of the left reference followed by the right reference. Double entries are referenced twice. See note below this table.

Reference concatenation using a tilde character was implemented lately. When a formula with the tilde operator exists in a document that is opened in old versions of the software, an error is returned. A reference list is not allowed inside an array expression.